Articles.
- Monitoring
LoRaWAN parking sensors for smart parking monitoring
How LoRaWAN parking sensors track parking occupancy in real time: magnetometer and radar detection, flush installation, battery life, and the platform.
Read article7 min read
- Monitoring
River and lake water level monitoring with LoRaWAN sensors
How a LoRaWAN water level sensor monitors rivers, lakes, and reservoirs: radar and submersible probes, alert thresholds, and flood early warning in real time.
Read article7 min read
- Technical
What is a DAS? How distributed antenna systems work
What a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) is, how it works, and where it is used: airports, tunnels, stadiums, and large buildings. Main components, frequency bands, and coverage monitoring.
Read article7 min read
- Technical
GSM-R and FRMCS: the railway radio network explained
How GSM-R works, which frequencies it uses and what changes with FRMCS: the railway radio network behind ETCS, from 876–880 MHz to 5G migration from 2030.
Read article8 min read
- Technical
Airband: aircraft radio frequencies on VHF 118–137 MHz
Airband frequencies explained: the VHF band from 118 to 136.975 MHz, AM and 8.33 kHz channels, aircraft radio frequencies for tower, ground and emergency.
Read article7 min read
- Technical
RF drive test 4G and 5G: what it is and how it works
What an RF drive test is and how operator 4G and 5G coverage is measured: broadband scanner, RSRP and SINR parameters, quality thresholds, and KMZ maps.
Read article8 min read
- Monitoring
How to monitor cellular networks and DAS systems
How to maintain continuous visibility on cellular signal in tunnels, large buildings, and critical infrastructure: parameters to measure (RSSI, RSRP, RSRQ, SINR), differences between 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G DSS, and how TP-CELLX monitors multi-operator networks and DAS systems.
Read article7 min read
- Monitoring
How to Monitor the GSM-R Network
How to monitor GSM-R railway communications networks: EIRENE coverage requirements, handover management, the TP-CELLX solution, and the transition toward FRMCS.
Read article4 min read
- P25
How to Monitor a P25 (APCO Project 25) Radio Network
How to monitor APCO-25 Phase 1 and Phase 2 networks: parameters to track, measurement point placement, interference detection, and integration with emergency management systems using TP-RFX.
Read article4 min read
- Monitoring
How to Monitor VHF and UHF Radio Networks
Interference, progressive degradation, and license violations in the VHF/UHF bands: how to detect them with TP-RFX, which parameters to measure, and how to produce documentation for regulatory authorities. Includes an aeronautical monitoring case study.
Read article4 min read
- DAB
FM, DAB, and DVB-T2: frequencies and signal monitoring
How to monitor FM, DAB, and DVB-T2 signals: the key parameters to track, continuous monitoring methodologies, and the TP-RFX solution for outdoor installations.
Read article4 min read
- TETRA
How to Monitor a TETRA Radio Network
How to keep TETRA carriers under control with TP-RFX: variable coverage, RF interference and shadow zones, email/SNMP/relay notifications, up to two years of measurement history, and a case study with more than 20 units deployed on a regional network.
Read article4 min read
- Technical
LoRaWAN for ski resorts: IoT sensors for resort management
How a LoRaWAN network monitors a ski resort: sensors on chairlifts and gondolas, autonomous weather stations, people counting, emergency modules in cabins, snowmaking control, and snowcat tracking — with years of battery life and no monthly fees.
Read article6 min read
- DAB
DAB+ and FM Coverage in Tunnels: Radio Systems for Road and Highway Tunnels
How to bring FM and DAB+ signal inside tunnels, how the VBI emergency break-in system works to reach vehicles in transit, and what Directive 2004/54/EC and Legislative Decree 264/2006 require for tunnels on the trans-European network.
Read article5 min read
- DAB
The FM and DAB+ Break-In System in Tunnels
How the VBI (Voice Break-In) system interrupts in-vehicle radio to broadcast emergency messages inside tunnels: intelligent amplifier architecture, automatic activation via API/SNMP and manual activation via SIP VoIP, DAB+ text and image support, and regulatory obligations under EU Directive 2004/54/EC and Legislative Decree 264/2006.
Read article7 min read
- Monitoring
How to Monitor Radiating Cables in Critical Infrastructure
Why continuous monitoring of radiating cables in tunnels and large infrastructure is essential: risks of an unmonitored system, components of the Teleproject-patented TP-CCV2, and how electrical continuity monitoring works without interfering with radio signals.
Read article6 min read
- Technical
VHF vs UHF: Technical Differences and Applications of Radio Frequencies
VHF or UHF for professional communications: propagation, building and vegetation penetration, antenna dimensions, spectrum availability, and the criteria for choosing the right band in maritime, rural, urban, and industrial environments.
Read article9 min read
- DMR
DMR Radio: Professional Digital Radiocommunication Systems
The DMR standard explained: two-slot TDMA that doubles channel capacity on 12.5 kHz, the three Tiers, applications in industry, transportation, and hospitality, technical specifications (4FSK, AMBE+2, AES encryption), and how to deploy a DMR network.
Read article10 min read
- TETRA
TETRA Radio: Professional Digital Radiocommunication Systems
TETRA (Terrestrial Trunked Radio) is the ETSI standard for mission-critical professional communications: trunked technology with four TDMA time slots, multi-layer encryption and OTAR key management, and Direct Mode Operation for infrastructure-independent coverage. This guide covers applications in public safety, transportation, and industry — including a comparison with DMR and cellular networks and the key criteria for network design.
Read article7 min read
- Technical
Teleproject Becomes Exclusive Distributor of FunkTronic Products in Italy
Teleproject is the exclusive Italian distributor of FunkTronic products: RoIP radio gateways, IP consoles for radio control rooms, and communication solutions for mission-critical sectors.
Read article3 min read
- Technical
PMR Radio Costs, Fees, and Licenses in Italy
What it costs to obtain and maintain a licensed PMR frequency authorization in Italy: application fees (€100–€3,000), annual per-device fees, scarce-resource contributions, and exemptions for Protezione Civile and volunteer organizations.
Read article3 min read
- TETRA
Workplace Safety: Man-Down, Lone-Worker and DMR/TETRA Radios
How professional radios protect workers in isolated or hazardous environments: automatic Man-Down alarm, Lone-Worker monitoring, GPS location with geofencing, and three levels of deployment — from manual activation to intelligent automation.
Read article3 min read
- TETRA
DMR and TETRA Radio Systems for Ski Resort Management
Why DMR is the best fit for ski resorts: reliable coverage across mountain terrain, clear audio despite wind and running machinery, real-time GPS tracking of personnel, emergency priority, and Man-Down protection for staff working alone on the slopes.
Read article2 min read
- Technical
Integrating a PBX with a Radio Network
Connecting a PBX to a professional DMR, TETRA, or VHF radio network lets telephone users call radio subscribers directly, and vice versa. This article covers gateway architecture — phone-to-radio and radio-to-phone call flows, 4-Wire E&M for analog exchanges, VoIP gateways with AMBE+2/ACELP transcoding — and the key design parameters to evaluate.
Read article5 min read
- DMR
How to monitor a DMR radio network
How to monitor a DMR radio network: parameters to track, spectrum analysis techniques, and the TP-RFX analyzer for continuous, uninterrupted monitoring.
Read article5 min read
- TETRA
ATEX intrinsically safe radios: DMR and TETRA networks
Learn how ATEX-certified DMR and TETRA radio equipment delivers safe, reliable communications in hazardous environments, particularly in the oil and gas industry.
Read article5 min read
- Technical
From 2G to 5G: the evolution of cellular networks
How the role of DAS systems in tunnels changes from 2G to 5G: key parameters (speed, latency), impact on installation architecture, mmWave frequency complexity, and how TP-CELLX and TP-CELLX Pro monitor all generations.
Read article5 min read
- TETRA
DMR vs TETRA: which digital radio standard to choose
Technical comparison of DMR and TETRA: architecture, costs, and redundancy levels for public safety, military, and utility applications — plus integration with IP dispatching platforms and selection criteria based on user count and security requirements.
Read article4 min read
- Technical
Marine VHF radio: channels, frequencies, and coverage
The marine VHF band spans 156–162 MHz and is divided into internationally standardized channels: channel 16 for distress and calling, channel 70 for Digital Selective Calling (DSC), and dedicated channels for port operations and ship-to-ship communications. Coverage is line-of-sight and depends chiefly on antenna height, geography, and equipment quality — a fixed radio with a properly elevated antenna reaches 20–25 nautical miles in open water.
Read article4 min read
- DMR
PMR446: frequencies, channels, power, and DMR Tier I
What PMR446 is and when it is enough: the 446 MHz license-free band, 0.5 W power limit, real-world range, a comparison with digital DMR Tier I and licensed professional PMR, and the criteria for knowing when dedicated frequencies are required.
Read article4 min read
- DMR
Switching from analog PMR to digital DMR two-way radios
Why migrate from analog PMR to DMR: double capacity on the same frequencies with TDMA, clear digital audio to the edge of coverage, AES encryption, and a phased mixed-mode migration that keeps operations running throughout the transition.
Read article3 min read
- DMR
Why switch to a DMR simulcast solution
How isofrequency DMR simulcast networks work: GPS-synchronized repeaters sharing a single frequency pair, seamless coverage with no channel changes, a comparison with conventional multi-site roaming, and Teleproject's real-world network spanning 40+ repeaters across 400 km of Italian highways.
Read article4 min read
- DMR
Understanding DMR Standard Tiers: Tier I, Tier II, and Tier III
DMR (Digital Mobile Radio) is structured in three distinct tiers, each designed for a specific operational context. This guide covers the key differences between Tier I (license-free PMR446), Tier II (conventional licensed systems with TDMA), and Tier III (trunked networks with dynamic channel allocation), including frequency bands, power levels, and selection criteria.
Read article5 min read